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Unknown  |  1992-06-06  |  200.8 KB

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|00000400| 7b 4d 61 72 63 68 20 31 | 38 2c 20 31 39 38 39 7d |{March 1|8, 1989}|
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|000006d0| 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |Abstract|.... |
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|00004e30| 75 63 6c 20 4d 65 64 20 | 31 38 3a 31 38 31 2d 31 |ucl Med |18:181-1|
|00004e40| 39 38 2c 20 4a 75 6c 79 | 20 31 39 38 38 0d 0a 2d |98, July| 1988..-|
|00004e50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004e60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004e70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004e80| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004e90| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
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|00004eb0| 20 20 20 20 20 49 20 61 | 6d 20 67 72 61 74 65 66 | I a|m gratef|
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|00004ed0| 42 2e 20 53 74 72 6f 6d | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |B. Strom| for the|
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|00005e40| 20 41 6c 6c 6f 72 65 61 | 63 74 69 76 65 20 54 20 | Allorea|ctive T |
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|00005e60| 6f 6e 6e 65 76 69 6c 6c | 65 20 4d 3b 20 4d 6f 72 |onnevill|e M; Mor|
|00005e70| 65 61 75 20 4a 46 3b 20 | 42 6c 6f 6b 6c 61 6e 64 |eau JF; |Blokland|
|00005e80| 20 45 3b 20 50 6f 6f 6c | 20 4a 3b 20 4d 6f 69 73 | E; Pool| J; Mois|
|00005e90| 61 6e 20 4a 50 3b 20 47 | 6f 75 6c 6d 79 20 45 3b |an JP; G|oulmy E;|
|00005ea0| 20 53 6f 75 6c 69 6c 6c | 6f 75 20 4a 50 0d 0a 28 | Soulill|ou JP..(|
|00005eb0| 49 6e 73 74 20 4e 61 74 | 6c 20 64 65 20 6c 61 20 |Inst Nat|l de la |
|00005ec0| 53 61 6e 74 65 20 65 74 | 20 64 65 20 6c 61 20 52 |Sante et| de la R|
|00005ed0| 65 63 68 65 72 63 68 65 | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c |echerche| Medical|
|00005ee0| 65 2c 20 4e 61 6e 74 65 | 73 2c 20 46 72 61 6e 63 |e, Nante|s, Franc|
|00005ef0| 65 3b 20 55 6e 69 76 20 | 48 6f 73 70 2c 0d 0a 4c |e; Univ |Hosp,..L|
|00005f00| 65 69 64 65 6e 2c 20 54 | 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 |eiden, T|he Nethe|
|00005f10| 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 29 0d | 0a 4a 20 49 6d 6d 75 6e |rlands).|.J Immun|
|00005f20| 6f 6c 20 31 34 31 3a 34 | 31 38 37 2d 34 31 39 35 |ol 141:4|187-4195|
|00005f30| 2c 20 44 65 63 20 31 35 | 2c 20 31 39 38 38 0d 0a |, Dec 15|, 1988..|
|00005f40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005f50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005f60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005f70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005f80| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00005f90| 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 | 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |..Abstra|ct.... |
|00005fa0| 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 | 65 6c 6c 75 6c 61 72 20 | The c|ellular |
|00005fb0| 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 | 6d 73 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c |mechanis|ms invol|
|00005fc0| 76 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 | 6c 6c 6f 67 72 61 66 74 |ved in a|llograft|
|00005fd0| 20 72 65 6a 65 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 72 65 6d 61 69 | rejecti|on remai|
|00005fe0| 6e 20 75 6e 63 65 72 74 | 61 69 6e 2c 0d 0a 61 6c |n uncert|ain,..al|
|00005ff0| 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 54 | 20 6c 79 6d 70 68 6f 63 |though T| lymphoc|
|00006000| 79 74 65 73 20 64 6f 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 6d |ytes do |have a m|
|00006010| 61 6a 6f 72 20 72 6f 6c | 65 20 69 6e 20 62 6f 74 |ajor rol|e in bot|
|00006020| 68 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e | 66 6c 61 6d 6d 61 74 6f |h the in|flammato|
|00006030| 72 79 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a | 63 65 6c 6c 75 6c 61 72 |ry and..|cellular|
|00006040| 20 69 6d 6d 75 6e 65 20 | 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 | immune |response|
|00006050| 73 20 6c 65 61 64 69 6e | 67 20 74 6f 20 69 74 2e |s leadin|g to it.|
|00006060| 20 20 44 61 74 61 20 77 | 65 72 65 20 61 6e 61 6c | Data w|ere anal|
|00006070| 79 7a 65 64 20 63 6f 6e | 63 65 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 |yzed con|cerning |
|00006080| 74 68 65 0d 0a 72 65 63 | 6f 67 6e 69 74 69 6f 6e |the..rec|ognition|
|00006090| 20 72 65 70 65 72 74 6f | 69 72 65 20 6f 66 20 31 | reperto|ire of 1|
|000060a0| 36 20 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 | 61 6c 6c 6f 72 65 61 63 |6 human |alloreac|
|000060b0| 74 69 76 65 20 54 20 63 | 65 6c 6c 20 63 6c 6f 6e |tive T c|ell clon|
|000060c0| 65 73 20 28 41 54 4c 43 | 29 20 64 65 72 69 76 65 |es (ATLC|) derive|
|000060d0| 64 0d 0a 66 72 6f 6d 20 | 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 74 68 |d..from |cells th|
|000060e0| 61 74 20 69 6e 76 61 64 | 65 64 20 61 6e 20 69 72 |at invad|ed an ir|
|000060f0| 72 65 76 65 72 73 69 62 | 6c 79 20 72 65 6a 65 63 |reversib|ly rejec|
|00006100| 74 65 64 20 72 65 6e 61 | 6c 20 61 6c 6c 6f 67 72 |ted rena|l allogr|
|00006110| 61 66 74 2e 0d 0a 50 72 | 6f 6c 69 66 65 72 61 74 |aft...Pr|oliferat|
|00006120| 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 63 79 74 6f 74 6f 78 69 |ive and |cytotoxi|
|00006130| 63 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 | 74 69 65 73 20 77 65 72 |c activi|ties wer|
|00006140| 65 20 65 73 74 69 6d 61 | 74 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e |e estima|ted usin|
|00006150| 67 20 61 20 70 61 6e 65 | 6c 20 6f 66 0d 0a 61 6c |g a pane|l of..al|
|00006160| 6c 6f 67 65 6e 65 69 63 | 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 20 74 |logeneic| cells t|
|00006170| 68 61 74 20 63 6f 76 65 | 72 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |hat cove|red the |
|00006180| 48 4c 41 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 69 63 69 74 69 65 |HLA spec|ificitie|
|00006190| 73 20 62 6f 72 6e 65 20 | 62 79 20 72 65 6e 61 6c |s borne |by renal|
|000061a0| 20 64 6f 6e 6f 72 0d 0a | 63 65 6c 6c 73 2e 0d 0a | donor..|cells...|
|000061b0| 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 | 73 65 20 63 6c 6f 6e 65 | The|se clone|
|000061c0| 73 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 70 72 6f 6c 69 66 65 |s, which| prolife|
|000061d0| 72 61 74 65 64 20 73 70 | 65 63 69 66 69 63 61 6c |rated sp|ecifical|
|000061e0| 6c 79 20 61 67 61 69 6e | 73 74 20 74 68 65 20 6b |ly again|st the k|
|000061f0| 69 64 6e 65 79 20 64 6f | 6e 6f 72 20 42 0d 0a 6c |idney do|nor B..l|
|00006200| 79 6d 70 68 6f 62 6c 61 | 73 74 6f 69 64 20 63 65 |ymphobla|stoid ce|
|00006210| 6c 6c 20 6c 69 6e 65 2c | 20 77 65 72 65 20 43 44 |ll line,| were CD|
|00006220| 34 28 2b 29 20 6b 69 6c | 6c 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 |4(+) kil|ler and |
|00006230| 43 44 38 28 2b 29 20 6b | 69 6c 6c 65 72 20 74 79 |CD8(+) k|iller ty|
|00006240| 70 65 73 2e 20 20 41 6c | 6c 20 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 |pes. Al|l of..th|
|00006250| 65 20 70 72 6f 6c 69 66 | 65 72 61 74 69 76 65 20 |e prolif|erative |
|00006260| 61 6e 64 20 63 79 74 6f | 74 6f 78 69 63 20 61 73 |and cyto|toxic as|
|00006270| 73 61 79 73 20 69 6e 64 | 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 74 |says ind|icated t|
|00006280| 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 41 54 4c 43 20 77 65 72 |hat the |ATLC wer|
|00006290| 65 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 65 64 0d 0a 61 67 61 69 |e direct|ed..agai|
|000062a0| 6e 73 74 20 48 4c 41 20 | 6d 6f 6c 65 63 75 6c 65 |nst HLA |molecule|
|000062b0| 73 2e 20 20 53 6f 6d 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 6d |s. Some| of them|
|000062c0| 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 | 7a 65 64 20 48 4c 41 2d | recogni|zed HLA-|
|000062d0| 42 2c 20 2d 43 2c 20 2d | 44 50 2c 20 2d 44 51 2c |B, -C, -|DP, -DQ,|
|000062e0| 20 6f 72 20 2d 44 52 0d | 0a 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 | or -DR.|.product|
|000062f0| 73 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 |s. All |of the a|
|00006300| 6e 74 69 2d 48 4c 41 20 | 63 6c 61 73 73 20 49 20 |nti-HLA |class I |
|00006310| 41 54 4c 43 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 43 44 38 28 2b 29 |ATLC wer|e CD8(+)|
|00006320| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 62 6f | 74 68 20 43 44 34 28 2b |, but bo|th CD4(+|
|00006330| 29 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 43 | 44 38 28 2b 29 20 41 54 |) and..C|D8(+) AT|
|00006340| 4c 43 20 77 65 72 65 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 74 65 |LC were |committe|
|00006350| 64 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | 74 20 48 4c 41 20 63 6c |d agains|t HLA cl|
|00006360| 61 73 73 20 49 49 20 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 69 |ass II s|pecifici|
|00006370| 74 69 65 73 2e 20 20 4e | 69 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ties. N|ine of t|
|00006380| 68 65 20 31 36 0d 0a 41 | 54 4c 43 20 72 65 61 63 |he 16..A|TLC reac|
|00006390| 74 65 64 20 61 67 61 69 | 6e 73 74 20 73 65 72 6f |ted agai|nst sero|
|000063a0| 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 |logicall|y define|
|000063b0| 64 20 64 6f 6e 6f 72 20 | 48 4c 41 20 64 65 74 65 |d donor |HLA dete|
|000063c0| 72 6d 69 6e 61 6e 74 73 | 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |rminants|... |
|000063d0| 54 68 65 73 65 20 64 61 | 74 61 20 61 70 70 6c 79 |These da|ta apply|
|000063e0| 20 74 6f 20 64 65 66 69 | 6e 69 74 69 76 65 20 67 | to defi|nitive g|
|000063f0| 72 61 66 74 20 72 65 6a | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 |raft rej|ection i|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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